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Model 1888 Springfield Trapdoor

Y2K-WS.6

Operator
So in the past year I've been busy buying milsurps I've wanted for decades. Finally I'm close to completing my cartridge fed US martial arms collection after picking up this beauty.

This is my Model 1888 Springfield Trapdoor Rifle. Made in 1892 it's among the last of the breed. The Krag our first bolt action used by the US Army was adopted in 1892 so this rifle was old news at the time it was manufactured. The M1888 is known for its Ramrod Bayonet which was ridiculously ineffective. These rifles were used extensively by militia and national guard units in the Spanish American war as only regular Army units were issued Krags. Teddy Roosevelt referred to this bayonet system as an abomination when he first saw it in action. Not being ones to learn from their mistakes the department of the army actually applied the ramrod bayonet concept to the 1903 Springfield for the first couple of years of its production.
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This rifle has an outstanding bore and is in very good overall condition. It was missing some small parts and also had a couple of incorrect ones as well. I've acquired what was missing and swapped out most of what was non-matching but not all yet. Working with 19th century firearms IS an expensive endeavor. Everything to make it work properly is in place, what is still incorrect will have to stay for a while and has no affect on function.
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I've shot it several times, first using the previous owners handloads and then using my own. I would say the first range trip was more a just to see what it does situation and I was left a little under impressed. Knowing the condition of the rifle especially at the muzzle I knew it should shoot better.
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It was shooting ridiculously high so obviously a front sight change was necessary. I was using too much Kentucky windage to know what it was really capable of. Once that front sight change was accomplished it became apparent that the rear sight was drifting on its own. Set the sight first shot is on then the next 2 walk off to the right. Once it settles where it wants to be it holds. At this point the rifle has proven its accuracy with the groups it currently gives.
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The next step will be load development of the 45-70 rounds. I'm currently working with H4198 and IMR 3031 smokeless powders but plan on developing black powder substitute rounds as well. Eventually I will also load some old fashioned black powder rounds. Nothing beats the big white clouds and deep boom of real black powder.
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Here are pictures of the most recent groups. They're all to the right because of the sight drift but they are tight because of how it shoots! The first picture is with 405gr rounds and the second is with 300gr rounds. The 300's are tighter and the 405's shot higher. I'm going to work on the rear sight and hopefully get it to hold in place. Updates will come as work progresses.
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Nice looking trapdoor! It's good that you are loading lead bullets.

The following is from this web site: https://www.trapdoorcollector.com/FAQ.html

There is one book that is absolutely indispensable - it is called "Loading Cartridges for the Original Springfield Rifle and Carbine", by the late Spence Wolf.

Pressures should be kept well below 20,000 CUP. But, if the gun is in good, tight, mechanical condition, there is no reason why it should not be enjoyed at the range. If you have any doubts, seek the advice of a qualified gunsmith. Thousands of such guns are in regular use today. If you only want to run one box through the gun, just to say you have "done it", standard current commercial ammunition, available at most any large sporting goods store, may be used, so long as it is marked as being safe in Springfield arms. If you plan on shooting much more, or are looking for the best accuracy, you should seek alternate solutions, such as obtaining cartridges marketed for "Cowboy Action Shooting", which have lead bullets, or, best of all, reloading. The jacketed bullets of new "over the counter" ammo are (1) hard on the softer steel of old barrels, and (2) will NOT produce the accuracy of which the gun is capable, as they are undersize for most bores, and thus do not take the rifling well. With properly sized bullets, and good technique, 100 yard groups of under 2" are attainable! Reloading is great fun, very satisfying, and, if you shoot a lot, can be quite cost-effective.
 
Nice looking trapdoor! It's good that you are loading lead bullets.

The following is from this web site: https://www.trapdoorcollector.com/FAQ.html

There is one book that is absolutely indispensable - it is called "Loading Cartridges for the Original Springfield Rifle and Carbine", by the late Spence Wolf.

Pressures should be kept well below 20,000 CUP. But, if the gun is in good, tight, mechanical condition, there is no reason why it should not be enjoyed at the range. If you have any doubts, seek the advice of a qualified gunsmith. Thousands of such guns are in regular use today. If you only want to run one box through the gun, just to say you have "done it", standard current commercial ammunition, available at most any large sporting goods store, may be used, so long as it is marked as being safe in Springfield arms. If you plan on shooting much more, or are looking for the best accuracy, you should seek alternate solutions, such as obtaining cartridges marketed for "Cowboy Action Shooting", which have lead bullets, or, best of all, reloading. The jacketed bullets of new "over the counter" ammo are (1) hard on the softer steel of old barrels, and (2) will NOT produce the accuracy of which the gun is capable, as they are undersize for most bores, and thus do not take the rifling well. With properly sized bullets, and good technique, 100 yard groups of under 2" are attainable! Reloading is great fun, very satisfying, and, if you shoot a lot, can be quite cost-effective.
Yes thank you I am on that site and have gleaned lots of valuable info from it. I keep my pressures and velocity down for this old gal. For the 300gr rounds no more than 1390fps and 405gr rounds 1350fps. When I eventually load the 500gr those will be limited to 1300fps. Both the 405 and 500gr are duplicates in velocity of the original loads for the trapdoors and are in the 15 to 16,000 cup pressure range. With 1 turn in 22 inch rifiling there's no reason to even attempt any higher than original velocity especially with lead bullets.

For anything this old jacketed factory ammo is a bad idea. Unless you go to a specialty loader like Buffalo arms your going to get jacketed projectiles. I have read that a box of 20 can do significant damage to a barrel as pristine as mine. Save them for your modern Ruger Marlin or Winchester and only use the greased lead projectiles that the barrel was designed for.

As you have seen I'm well on my way to producing the groups that these rifles were known to achieve. A little more work on load development and tightening that sight I'll be at sub 2" groups by the fall.
 

Y2K-WS.6 welcome to the forum. I never know whether folks know that they shouldn't shoot modern ammo through Trapdoor Springfields and error on the side of caution. They are fun to shoot. I buy cowboy loads from GEORGIA ARMS : "NEW" .45-70 Government 405gr Round Nose Flat Point, 20 rds for $55 when I can afford them!​

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Y2K-WS.6 welcome to the forum. I never know whether folks know that they shouldn't shoot modern ammo through Trapdoor Springfields and error on the side of caution. They are fun to shoot. I buy cowboy loads from GEORGIA ARMS : "NEW" .45-70 Government 405gr Round Nose Flat Point, 20 rds for $55 when I can afford them!​

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Thank you I'm happy to be here with such knowledgeable like minded people.
I knew that jacketed was a no go before ever shooting it. Save them for modern 45-70's. I got kind of lucky with this in that the guy I bought it from was a reloader. He had hundreds of 2 different weight lead projectiles and new as well as previously fired brass, powder and primers. It was a deal that was way too good to pass up. The fact that the rifle has a pristine bore was enough to rip open my bank account wide open as I've wanted one of these for 40 years. I'm a shooter and everything I buy must be worthwhile shooter. It took that long to find one in the physical condition I demand and at a price I wanted to pay. I indeed got lucky...finally.
 
That is a really great looking rifle.
Congrats on your hobby of old rifles.
Really cool 👍👍👍
Thank you. If it's to everyone's liking I intend to do write ups like this on most all my milsurp rifles. The plan is to move in chronological order so next up will be my Krag-Jorgensen Model 1898 Rifle. Another recent purchase that is in such incredible condition I couldn't say no.
 
Thank you. If it's to everyone's liking I intend to do write ups like this on most all my milsurp rifles. The plan is to move in chronological order so next up will be my Krag-Jorgensen Model 1898 Rifle. Another recent purchase that is in such incredible condition I couldn't say no.
I'm just learning about the various Trapdoor models. Is the hood on the front sight original to yours? It looks like the hood for an 1884 "Experimental" Trapdoor. Your rifle is not cut for the hood as the "Experimental" would be.

My reference is Flayderman's Guide to Antique American Arms, 9th Edition, page 587.

Any information you can provide would be appreciated. I'm currently looking at an Model 1888 made in 1891 with the rod bayonet.
 
I'm just learning about the various Trapdoor models. Is the hood on the front sight original to yours? It looks like the hood for an 1884 "Experimental" Trapdoor. Your rifle is not cut for the hood as the "Experimental" would be.

My reference is Flayderman's Guide to Antique American Arms, 9th Edition, page 587.

Any information you can provide would be appreciated. I'm currently looking at an Model 1888 made in 1891 with the rod bayonet.
I have no idea if it was original to the rifle but I highly doubt it. In an effort to make it "complete" for sale, an unknown gunshow dealer threw all kinds of non-matching bobbles at it and that's how the guy I bought it from got it. There was a sling swivled middle band that originally came from an early Model 1873 carbine, that sight protector, a blued metal rod in place of the ramrod bayonet, an incorrect trigger guard that I believe was from a rifled musket and an upper band from a cadet rifle with the sling swivel but no stacking swivel. The springs and pin from the ramrod retainer were missing as were the buttstock tools. Truly a hodgepodge of parts but it didn't bother me because I have never in over 40 years of searching found a Trapdoor for sale with a bore in this condition especially at the muzzle. That incorrect middle band was pushing up the Buffington sight and making the rifle shoot ridiculously high so that was the first item corrected and the reason it was sold. The guy I bought it from really thought there was something seriously wrong with it so instead of doing some diligent research he dumped it. To date I've replaced everything incorrect except the top band which isn't affecting anything and sourced what was missing except the tulip patch pusher. I don't want to bother with reproduction I'm looking for a real one. They are rare to find as they were so easily lost. Now with a much higher front sight to shoot comfortably at 50 and 100 yards the protector doesn't fit. I believe the M1888 would have used the clip on sheet metal style sight protector.
ETA: I believe this front sight protector is for a M1884.
 
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The Model 1888 I'm evaluating has a Model 1879 combination tool in the stock recess under the butt plate door. What is the tool in your picture? I'm sure you know that the lower sling swivel should be attached to the front of the trigger guard. Again, I'm no expert on Trapdoors, but I think the sight protector in your pictures was for the experimental 1884. I can find no images of a front sight protector on the standard 1884 rifles.
 
That was the only tool in the butt, it is a model 1882 stuck case remover. Way back the cases used for 45-70 were more of a foil than the drawn brass of today. They failed regularly with the rims pulling off cases causing a need for the stuck case remover. The 1882 replaced the 1879 case remover. The model 1879 combo tool became the unimproved standard and the tulip patch pusher completes the butt trap trilogy. Yes I now have the correct trigger guard with sling swivel. I have taken the liberty of screen shooting the different types of front sight protectors from the S&S Firearms catalog. The first is actually the one that came with my rifle.
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Great information, thank you. Had no idea about the various sight protectors. I thought the early .45-70 cartridges were copper which does not obdurate and reform after firing as does brass? Not familiar with foil. I appreciate your knowledge and am not trying to start an argument, just seeking information.
 
Great information, thank you. Had no idea about the various sight protectors. I thought the early .45-70 cartridges were copper which does not obdurate and reform after firing as does brass? Not familiar with foil. I appreciate your knowledge and am not trying to start an argument, just seeking information.
No argument seen here. Earliest rounds were indeed copper and they didn't work well so they copied what Europe was using. The thin foilesque rounds proved a failure as well. Eventually they mimicked the commercial ammo industry and started using the "modern" type rounds. You can read from the period how the military directive was that black powder rounds were not to be reloaded so why make them durable? Obviously this was far from true especially for those on the frontier. You used what you had and that included reloading cases no matter what powder was used in them. The best example I can remember of in the field reloading is Brian Keith's character in the Steve McQueen movie Navada Smith. Reloading your black powder rounds next to the campfire. It took balls!
If you don't already have part sources for your Trapdoor look at these guys.

ssfirearms.com
granpasgunparts.com
cfnparts.com
dixiegunworks.com
gunpartscorp.com
lodgewood.com

There are others as well but I've used all of the above and was satisfied with my purchases. As I mentioned in the first post dealing with 19th century firearms can be an expensive endeavor.
Don't ever use modern jacketed ammo in an original Trapdoor you will destroy the barrel in one box and that's if you don't end up with a loading block in the side of your head. If you don't now I strongly recommend you learn how to reload using only greased lead projectiles. Buffalo Arms loads proper lead projectile rounds for trapdoors but they are extremely pricey.
For the first time I have recently loaded 2 flavors of rounds with Hodgdon 777 FF bp substitute. Both 300gr and 405gr rounds but have yet to get to the range with them.

Edit: spellcheck
 
I find information about foil cartridges for Colt revolvers and the .577 Snider. Do you have a reference I can cite for use of foil cartridges in Trapdoors?

Note that I do not currently own a Trapdoor. I am the firearms historian for a museum so am always anxious to learn more about the guns and equipment in our collection.

You say that the military issued a directive that black powder rounds were not to be reloaded. We have a U.S. Military issued boxed reloading kit for .50-70 and .45-75, both originally loaded with black powder, so at some point those cartridges were intended to be reloaded in the field. Do you have a link to that directive?


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I find information about foil cartridges for Colt revolvers and the .577 Snider. Do you have a reference I can cite for use of foil cartridges in Trapdoors?

Note that I do not currently own a Trapdoor. I am the firearms historian for a museum so am always anxious to learn more about the guns and equipment in our collection.

You say that the military issued a directive that black powder rounds were not to be reloaded. We have a U.S. Military issued boxed reloading kit for .50-70 and .45-75, both originally loaded with black powder, so at some point those cartridges were intended to be reloaded in the field. Do you have a link to that directive?


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I have some of that info on my computer and in books at home but I am currently out of state working off of my cellphone. The foil rounds I will have to dig for as it was in a book I haven't opened in many years and I'm working off of memory. Most of what I found oddly enough was in relation to the Krag rifle while doing research for that. When referring to collection of spent rounds for example the directive at that time was, discard all spent black powder rounds as they are not to be reloaded but retain for reuse smokeless powder brass. It was probably a time period thing in that they were looking to get rid of the old bp stuff as they were charging into the smokeless era. Undoubtedly they reused rounds before that time period and again working off memory. At that time around 1898 the later Trapdoors like mine were used side by side with the Krag. In Cuba only regular Army infantry and cavalry units had Krag rifles and carbines. Volunteers, militia and rear echelon were issued Trapdoors. In one book there is a photo of a gatling gun crew in Cuba whose side arms are Trapdoors leaning against the walls of the pit the gun was in.
 
While participating in the Matthew Quigley Shoot at Foresyth Montana Father Day weekend I ha a young slender gal next to me shooting a Springfield Trapdoor.
I was proud to see her participate shooting the rifle from cross sticks.
 
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