HansGruber
Ronin
SMSgtRod makes some good notes. Also the 380 case is 17mm as opposed to 19mm for the 9mm. Even if you have a gun that will hold the 380 case close to the firing pin, like a Glock for example, you will be likely not have enough pressure to run the slide without seriously reducing your recoil spring weight, and you will be "blowing out" your cases so that they will be a bear to resize without cracking. .40 in 10mm work because the pressure ranges and case diameters more or less overlap.
I‘ve had .380 cases that accidentally went through the 650 and got loaded like a 9mm, and subsequently fired.
The extractor claw will hold the case tight enough to the breech face for it to fire in both a Sig P226 and a HK94 (as I recall...certain on the 94, 90% on the 226). However, it will cause a misfeed on the next round. One primer was flattened, the other blown. Not sure if that’s due to overpressure, the case not held tight to the breech, or a combination of the two.
I wouldn’t recommend it...but I don't think it's very smart to shoot .40 in a 10mm, either.